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Mystery lab challenge

Try solving a random lab with the title and description hidden. As you'll have no prior knowledge of the type of vulnerability that you need to find and exploit, this is great for practicing recon and analysis.

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SQL injection

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APPRENTICE SQL injection vulnerability in WHERE clause allowing retrieval of hidden data
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APPRENTICE SQL injection vulnerability allowing login bypass
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PRACTITIONER SQL injection attack, querying the database type and version on Oracle
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PRACTITIONER SQL injection attack, querying the database type and version on MySQL and Microsoft
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PRACTITIONER SQL injection attack, listing the database contents on non-Oracle databases
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PRACTITIONER SQL injection attack, listing the database contents on Oracle
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PRACTITIONER SQL injection UNION attack, determining the number of columns returned by the query
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PRACTITIONER SQL injection UNION attack, finding a column containing text
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PRACTITIONER SQL injection UNION attack, retrieving data from other tables
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PRACTITIONER SQL injection UNION attack, retrieving multiple values in a single column
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PRACTITIONER Blind SQL injection with conditional responses
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PRACTITIONER Blind SQL injection with conditional errors
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PRACTITIONER Visible error-based SQL injection
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PRACTITIONER Blind SQL injection with time delays
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PRACTITIONER Blind SQL injection with time delays and information retrieval
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PRACTITIONER Blind SQL injection with out-of-band interaction
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PRACTITIONER Blind SQL injection with out-of-band data exfiltration
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PRACTITIONER SQL injection with filter bypass via XML encoding

Cross-site scripting

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APPRENTICE Reflected XSS into HTML context with nothing encoded
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APPRENTICE Stored XSS into HTML context with nothing encoded
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APPRENTICE DOM XSS in document.write sink using source location.search
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APPRENTICE DOM XSS in innerHTML sink using source location.search
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APPRENTICE DOM XSS in jQuery anchor href attribute sink using location.search source
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APPRENTICE DOM XSS in jQuery selector sink using a hashchange event
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APPRENTICE Reflected XSS into attribute with angle brackets HTML-encoded
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APPRENTICE Stored XSS into anchor href attribute with double quotes HTML-encoded
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APPRENTICE Reflected XSS into a JavaScript string with angle brackets HTML encoded
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PRACTITIONER DOM XSS in document.write sink using source location.search inside a select element
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PRACTITIONER DOM XSS in AngularJS expression with angle brackets and double quotes HTML-encoded
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PRACTITIONER Reflected DOM XSS
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PRACTITIONER Stored DOM XSS
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PRACTITIONER Reflected XSS into HTML context with most tags and attributes blocked
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PRACTITIONER Reflected XSS into HTML context with all tags blocked except custom ones
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PRACTITIONER Reflected XSS with some SVG markup allowed
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PRACTITIONER Reflected XSS in canonical link tag
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PRACTITIONER Reflected XSS into a JavaScript string with single quote and backslash escaped
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PRACTITIONER Reflected XSS into a JavaScript string with angle brackets and double quotes HTML-encoded and single quotes escaped
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PRACTITIONER Stored XSS into onclick event with angle brackets and double quotes HTML-encoded and single quotes and backslash escaped
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PRACTITIONER Reflected XSS into a template literal with angle brackets, single, double quotes, backslash and backticks Unicode-escaped
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting cross-site scripting to steal cookies
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting cross-site scripting to capture passwords
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting XSS to bypass CSRF defenses
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EXPERT Reflected XSS with AngularJS sandbox escape without strings
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EXPERT Reflected XSS with AngularJS sandbox escape and CSP
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EXPERT Reflected XSS with event handlers and href attributes blocked
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EXPERT Reflected XSS in a JavaScript URL with some characters blocked
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EXPERT Reflected XSS protected by very strict CSP, with dangling markup attack
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EXPERT Reflected XSS protected by CSP, with CSP bypass

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF)

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APPRENTICE CSRF vulnerability with no defenses
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PRACTITIONER CSRF where token validation depends on request method
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PRACTITIONER CSRF where token validation depends on token being present
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PRACTITIONER CSRF where token is not tied to user session
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PRACTITIONER CSRF where token is tied to non-session cookie
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PRACTITIONER CSRF where token is duplicated in cookie
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PRACTITIONER SameSite Lax bypass via method override
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PRACTITIONER SameSite Strict bypass via client-side redirect
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PRACTITIONER SameSite Strict bypass via sibling domain
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PRACTITIONER SameSite Lax bypass via cookie refresh
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PRACTITIONER CSRF where Referer validation depends on header being present
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PRACTITIONER CSRF with broken Referer validation

Clickjacking

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APPRENTICE Basic clickjacking with CSRF token protection
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APPRENTICE Clickjacking with form input data prefilled from a URL parameter
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APPRENTICE Clickjacking with a frame buster script
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting clickjacking vulnerability to trigger DOM-based XSS
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PRACTITIONER Multistep clickjacking

DOM-based vulnerabilities

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PRACTITIONER DOM XSS using web messages
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PRACTITIONER DOM XSS using web messages and a JavaScript URL
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PRACTITIONER DOM XSS using web messages and JSON.parse
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PRACTITIONER DOM-based open redirection
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PRACTITIONER DOM-based cookie manipulation
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EXPERT Exploiting DOM clobbering to enable XSS
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EXPERT Clobbering DOM attributes to bypass HTML filters

Cross-origin resource sharing (CORS)

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APPRENTICE CORS vulnerability with basic origin reflection
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APPRENTICE CORS vulnerability with trusted null origin
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PRACTITIONER CORS vulnerability with trusted insecure protocols

XML external entity (XXE) injection

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APPRENTICE Exploiting XXE using external entities to retrieve files
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APPRENTICE Exploiting XXE to perform SSRF attacks
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PRACTITIONER Blind XXE with out-of-band interaction
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PRACTITIONER Blind XXE with out-of-band interaction via XML parameter entities
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting blind XXE to exfiltrate data using a malicious external DTD
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting blind XXE to retrieve data via error messages
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting XInclude to retrieve files
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting XXE via image file upload
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EXPERT Exploiting XXE to retrieve data by repurposing a local DTD

Server-side request forgery (SSRF)

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APPRENTICE Basic SSRF against the local server
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APPRENTICE Basic SSRF against another back-end system
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PRACTITIONER Blind SSRF with out-of-band detection
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PRACTITIONER SSRF with blacklist-based input filter
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PRACTITIONER SSRF with filter bypass via open redirection vulnerability
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EXPERT Blind SSRF with Shellshock exploitation
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EXPERT SSRF with whitelist-based input filter

HTTP request smuggling

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PRACTITIONER HTTP request smuggling, confirming a CL.TE vulnerability via differential responses
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PRACTITIONER HTTP request smuggling, confirming a TE.CL vulnerability via differential responses
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting HTTP request smuggling to bypass front-end security controls, CL.TE vulnerability
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting HTTP request smuggling to bypass front-end security controls, TE.CL vulnerability
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting HTTP request smuggling to reveal front-end request rewriting
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting HTTP request smuggling to capture other users' requests
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting HTTP request smuggling to deliver reflected XSS
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PRACTITIONER Response queue poisoning via H2.TE request smuggling
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PRACTITIONER H2.CL request smuggling
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PRACTITIONER HTTP/2 request smuggling via CRLF injection
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PRACTITIONER HTTP/2 request splitting via CRLF injection
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PRACTITIONER CL.0 request smuggling
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PRACTITIONER HTTP request smuggling, basic CL.TE vulnerability
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PRACTITIONER HTTP request smuggling, basic TE.CL vulnerability
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PRACTITIONER HTTP request smuggling, obfuscating the TE header
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EXPERT Exploiting HTTP request smuggling to perform web cache poisoning
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EXPERT Exploiting HTTP request smuggling to perform web cache deception
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EXPERT Bypassing access controls via HTTP/2 request tunnelling
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EXPERT Web cache poisoning via HTTP/2 request tunnelling
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EXPERT Client-side desync
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EXPERT Server-side pause-based request smuggling

OS command injection

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APPRENTICE OS command injection, simple case
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PRACTITIONER Blind OS command injection with time delays
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PRACTITIONER Blind OS command injection with output redirection
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PRACTITIONER Blind OS command injection with out-of-band interaction
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PRACTITIONER Blind OS command injection with out-of-band data exfiltration

Server-side template injection

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PRACTITIONER Basic server-side template injection
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PRACTITIONER Basic server-side template injection (code context)
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PRACTITIONER Server-side template injection using documentation
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PRACTITIONER Server-side template injection in an unknown language with a documented exploit
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PRACTITIONER Server-side template injection with information disclosure via user-supplied objects
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EXPERT Server-side template injection in a sandboxed environment
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EXPERT Server-side template injection with a custom exploit

Path traversal

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APPRENTICE File path traversal, simple case
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PRACTITIONER File path traversal, traversal sequences blocked with absolute path bypass
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PRACTITIONER File path traversal, traversal sequences stripped non-recursively
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PRACTITIONER File path traversal, traversal sequences stripped with superfluous URL-decode
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PRACTITIONER File path traversal, validation of start of path
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PRACTITIONER File path traversal, validation of file extension with null byte bypass

Access control vulnerabilities

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APPRENTICE Unprotected admin functionality
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APPRENTICE Unprotected admin functionality with unpredictable URL
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APPRENTICE User role controlled by request parameter
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APPRENTICE User role can be modified in user profile
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APPRENTICE User ID controlled by request parameter
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APPRENTICE User ID controlled by request parameter, with unpredictable user IDs
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APPRENTICE User ID controlled by request parameter with data leakage in redirect
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APPRENTICE User ID controlled by request parameter with password disclosure
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APPRENTICE Insecure direct object references
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PRACTITIONER URL-based access control can be circumvented
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PRACTITIONER Method-based access control can be circumvented
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PRACTITIONER Multi-step process with no access control on one step
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PRACTITIONER Referer-based access control

Authentication

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APPRENTICE Username enumeration via different responses
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APPRENTICE 2FA simple bypass
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APPRENTICE Password reset broken logic
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PRACTITIONER Username enumeration via subtly different responses
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PRACTITIONER Username enumeration via response timing
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PRACTITIONER Broken brute-force protection, IP block
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PRACTITIONER Username enumeration via account lock
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PRACTITIONER 2FA broken logic
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PRACTITIONER Brute-forcing a stay-logged-in cookie
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PRACTITIONER Offline password cracking
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PRACTITIONER Password reset poisoning via middleware
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PRACTITIONER Password brute-force via password change
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EXPERT Broken brute-force protection, multiple credentials per request
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EXPERT 2FA bypass using a brute-force attack

WebSockets

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APPRENTICE Manipulating WebSocket messages to exploit vulnerabilities
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PRACTITIONER Cross-site WebSocket hijacking
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PRACTITIONER Manipulating the WebSocket handshake to exploit vulnerabilities

Web cache poisoning

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PRACTITIONER Web cache poisoning with an unkeyed header
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PRACTITIONER Web cache poisoning with an unkeyed cookie
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PRACTITIONER Web cache poisoning with multiple headers
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PRACTITIONER Targeted web cache poisoning using an unknown header
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PRACTITIONER Web cache poisoning via an unkeyed query string
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PRACTITIONER Web cache poisoning via an unkeyed query parameter
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PRACTITIONER Parameter cloaking
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PRACTITIONER Web cache poisoning via a fat GET request
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PRACTITIONER URL normalization
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EXPERT Web cache poisoning to exploit a DOM vulnerability via a cache with strict cacheability criteria
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EXPERT Combining web cache poisoning vulnerabilities
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EXPERT Cache key injection
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EXPERT Internal cache poisoning

Insecure deserialization

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APPRENTICE Modifying serialized objects
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PRACTITIONER Modifying serialized data types
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PRACTITIONER Using application functionality to exploit insecure deserialization
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PRACTITIONER Arbitrary object injection in PHP
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting Java deserialization with Apache Commons
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting PHP deserialization with a pre-built gadget chain
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting Ruby deserialization using a documented gadget chain
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EXPERT Developing a custom gadget chain for Java deserialization
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EXPERT Developing a custom gadget chain for PHP deserialization
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EXPERT Using PHAR deserialization to deploy a custom gadget chain

Information disclosure

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APPRENTICE Information disclosure in error messages
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APPRENTICE Information disclosure on debug page
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APPRENTICE Source code disclosure via backup files
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APPRENTICE Authentication bypass via information disclosure
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PRACTITIONER Information disclosure in version control history

Business logic vulnerabilities

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APPRENTICE Excessive trust in client-side controls
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APPRENTICE High-level logic vulnerability
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APPRENTICE Inconsistent security controls
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APPRENTICE Flawed enforcement of business rules
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PRACTITIONER Low-level logic flaw
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PRACTITIONER Inconsistent handling of exceptional input
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PRACTITIONER Weak isolation on dual-use endpoint
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PRACTITIONER Insufficient workflow validation
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PRACTITIONER Authentication bypass via flawed state machine
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PRACTITIONER Infinite money logic flaw
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PRACTITIONER Authentication bypass via encryption oracle
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EXPERT Bypassing access controls using email address parsing discrepancies

HTTP Host header attacks

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APPRENTICE Basic password reset poisoning
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APPRENTICE Host header authentication bypass
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PRACTITIONER Web cache poisoning via ambiguous requests
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PRACTITIONER Routing-based SSRF
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PRACTITIONER SSRF via flawed request parsing
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PRACTITIONER Host validation bypass via connection state attack
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EXPERT Password reset poisoning via dangling markup

OAuth authentication

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APPRENTICE Authentication bypass via OAuth implicit flow
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PRACTITIONER SSRF via OpenID dynamic client registration
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PRACTITIONER Forced OAuth profile linking
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PRACTITIONER OAuth account hijacking via redirect_uri
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PRACTITIONER Stealing OAuth access tokens via an open redirect
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EXPERT Stealing OAuth access tokens via a proxy page

File upload vulnerabilities

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APPRENTICE Remote code execution via web shell upload
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APPRENTICE Web shell upload via Content-Type restriction bypass
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PRACTITIONER Web shell upload via path traversal
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PRACTITIONER Web shell upload via extension blacklist bypass
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PRACTITIONER Web shell upload via obfuscated file extension
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PRACTITIONER Remote code execution via polyglot web shell upload
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EXPERT Web shell upload via race condition

JWT

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APPRENTICE JWT authentication bypass via unverified signature
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APPRENTICE JWT authentication bypass via flawed signature verification
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PRACTITIONER JWT authentication bypass via weak signing key
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PRACTITIONER JWT authentication bypass via jwk header injection
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PRACTITIONER JWT authentication bypass via jku header injection
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PRACTITIONER JWT authentication bypass via kid header path traversal
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EXPERT JWT authentication bypass via algorithm confusion
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EXPERT JWT authentication bypass via algorithm confusion with no exposed key

Essential skills

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PRACTITIONER Discovering vulnerabilities quickly with targeted scanning
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PRACTITIONER Scanning non-standard data structures

Prototype pollution

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PRACTITIONER Client-side prototype pollution via browser APIs
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PRACTITIONER DOM XSS via client-side prototype pollution
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PRACTITIONER DOM XSS via an alternative prototype pollution vector
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PRACTITIONER Client-side prototype pollution via flawed sanitization
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PRACTITIONER Client-side prototype pollution in third-party libraries
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PRACTITIONER Privilege escalation via server-side prototype pollution
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PRACTITIONER Detecting server-side prototype pollution without polluted property reflection
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PRACTITIONER Bypassing flawed input filters for server-side prototype pollution
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PRACTITIONER Remote code execution via server-side prototype pollution
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EXPERT Exfiltrating sensitive data via server-side prototype pollution

GraphQL API vulnerabilities

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APPRENTICE Accessing private GraphQL posts
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PRACTITIONER Accidental exposure of private GraphQL fields
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PRACTITIONER Finding a hidden GraphQL endpoint
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PRACTITIONER Bypassing GraphQL brute force protections
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PRACTITIONER Performing CSRF exploits over GraphQL

Race conditions

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APPRENTICE Limit overrun race conditions
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PRACTITIONER Bypassing rate limits via race conditions
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PRACTITIONER Multi-endpoint race conditions
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PRACTITIONER Single-endpoint race conditions
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting time-sensitive vulnerabilities
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EXPERT Partial construction race conditions

NoSQL injection

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APPRENTICE Detecting NoSQL injection
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APPRENTICE Exploiting NoSQL operator injection to bypass authentication
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting NoSQL injection to extract data
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting NoSQL operator injection to extract unknown fields

API testing

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APPRENTICE Exploiting an API endpoint using documentation
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting server-side parameter pollution in a query string
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PRACTITIONER Finding and exploiting an unused API endpoint
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting a mass assignment vulnerability
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EXPERT Exploiting server-side parameter pollution in a REST URL

Web LLM attacks

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APPRENTICE Exploiting LLM APIs with excessive agency
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting vulnerabilities in LLM APIs
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PRACTITIONER Indirect prompt injection
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EXPERT Exploiting insecure output handling in LLMs

Web cache deception

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APPRENTICE Exploiting path mapping for web cache deception
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting path delimiters for web cache deception
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting origin server normalization for web cache deception
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PRACTITIONER Exploiting cache server normalization for web cache deception
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EXPERT Exploiting exact-match cache rules for web cache deception

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